Signs and Ways to Diagnose Hyperactivity (ADHD) in Elementary School Children
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral and academic challenges among elementary school children. Many parents wonder whether their child’s restlessness and lack of focus are normal or signs of a real condition. In this article, we take a scientific, analytical, and story-based look at the signs of ADHD and how it can be diagnosed in school-aged children.
What Is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that makes it difficult for a child to maintain focus, control impulses, or regulate hyperactivity. It stems from brain function and is not the fault of the child or the parents.
Globally, about 5–7% of elementary school children are affected by ADHD to some degree.
Real Story: “The Teacher Said My Son Should Be Checked”
Mrs. Javadi, the mother of an 8-year-old boy, explains:
“My son kept leaving his seat, interrupting the teacher, and not finishing his homework. At first, I thought it was just mischief, but when his teacher mentioned the possibility of ADHD, we went to a psychologist. After testing, it was confirmed that he had ADHD.”
This shows how teachers often play an important role in identifying the first signs.
Signs of ADHD in Elementary School Children
ADHD symptoms generally appear in three categories:
1. Inattention
-
Difficulty paying attention to details
-
Frequent mistakes in schoolwork
-
Forgetting tasks or belongings
-
Easily distracted by small stimuli
2. Hyperactivity
-
Constant restlessness
-
Frequently leaving the seat in class
-
Running or climbing in inappropriate situations
-
Excessive talking
3. Impulsivity
-
Interrupting others
-
Difficulty waiting for their turn
-
Answering questions before they are completed
Scientific Insight: The Brain in ADHD
Research shows that in children with ADHD, the prefrontal cortex—the part of the brain responsible for attention and self-control—develops more slowly. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine are also less balanced.
This proves that ADHD is not a matter of “choice” or “bad parenting,” but a real neurobiological disorder.
How to Tell ADHD from Normal Mischief
All children can be energetic or inattentive at times, but the difference with ADHD is that the symptoms are persistent, occur in multiple settings (home, school, social gatherings), and negatively affect academic performance or social relationships.
If the issues occur only at home or only at school, other causes such as anxiety or environmental factors may be at play.
Another Story: “When I Took My Daughter to a Psychologist”
Mrs. Kermani shares:
“My daughter was always distracted, left her homework unfinished, and often lost her belongings. I thought she was just lazy. But after visiting a psychologist, the tests revealed she had the inattentive type of ADHD. With the strategies we learned, her condition has greatly improved.”
How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Diagnosis is made by a child psychiatrist or psychologist and typically includes:
-
Interviews with parents and teachers
-
Standardized questionnaires (such as Conners’ scale)
-
Review of developmental and health history
-
Ruling out other issues such as anxiety or learning disorders
There are no blood tests or brain scans for ADHD; it is a clinical diagnosis that requires careful evaluation.
Challenges for Parents
In many communities, including Iran, parents delay seeking diagnosis due to fear of stigma or lack of awareness. However, early diagnosis and timely intervention can significantly improve a child’s academic and social trajectory.
Parent’s Checklist for Possible ADHD
-
Symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity persist for more than 6 months
-
Behaviors are observed in multiple settings
-
Symptoms negatively affect academic or social performance
-
Usual parental or teacher strategies fail to manage the behavior
Frequently Asked Questions
Is ADHD only seen in boys?
No. Girls can also have ADHD, but it often appears more as inattention rather than hyperactivity.
Will children “outgrow” ADHD?
Some symptoms may lessen in adolescence, but many individuals continue to experience ADHD into adulthood.
Is medication the only treatment?
No. The most effective approach combines behavioral therapy, parent training, and, in some cases, medication.
Does ADHD mean lower intelligence?
Not at all. Many children with ADHD have normal or even above-average intelligence, but poor focus interferes with academic performance.
ADHD is a real, manageable condition. With awareness of the symptoms, consulting specialists, and cooperating with schools, parents can help their children thrive. Remember: hyperactivity is not laziness or poor upbringing. With the right understanding and support, children with ADHD can succeed and shine with their creativity.
